In some quarters of the Russian Orthodox Church, church bells are still believed to have almost supernatural powers. Traditionalists contend that they can keep demons at bay, for instance, by sanctifying the area in which they are audible. For this reason, bells are still christened with holy water and anointed with holy oil.

Timepiece connoisseurs feel a like reverence for the minute repeater and sonnerie, watches that chime the time on tiny gongs fitted inside the case. Of all complicated watches, they are the most challenging to make.

In fact, chiming watches defy horological history, which in broad strokes is a story of decreasing manual labor and increasing automation. Today mechanical watches can be made entirely by robots; the first pair of human hands to touch such pieces is typically the buyer's.

Chiming watches, however, are in principle impossible to make satisfactorily through purely industrial means. The repeater, which chimes the hour, quarter hour, and minute "on demand" when a slide in the case is pressed, and the sonnerie, which, like a mantel clock, chimes the hour and quarter "in passing," require both a musician's ear and a surgeon's hand to construct and adjust. As watchmaker Donald de Carle wrote nearly 50 years ago in his famous manual on complicated-watch repair, the repeater, more than any other type of watch, necessitates a mind that is "calm, cool, and collected." Absent the human judgment involved in the final adjustment of the mechanism, repeaters would function poorly, if at all. That gives them an aura that no other complication watch can match--and a price tag as well. It usually starts in the low six figures.

The finest repeaters are works of art but were born of necessity: to enable the owner to tell the time in the dark. They come down to us from the era of candlelight, when most houses were nearly pitch-black after nightfall and the majority of people heard the time from the town clock tower. (Many early clocks, having neither hands nor dial, also marked the time by chiming. In fact, the word clock comes from the Medieval Latin clocca, or bell.)

What makes a repeater special is that it chimes on demand. Pushing the slide set into the case activates mechanical feelers that read the time from the position of the gears that drive the hands--akin to a blind person reading Braille--and then ring the hour, the quarter hour, and the minute in succession, and in a different tone for each unit of time.

Englishman Daniel Quare is thought to have invented the repeater in the mid-1680s. His first ones sounded the hour and the quarter hour on demand, and in 1687 King James II granted him the patent for the quarter repeater. More than 20 years passed before the five-minute repeater, which chimes to the nearest five minutes, appeared, and it would be 40 more years before the first true minute repeater appeared. No one knows the exact date or even whether the credit, usually attributed to Englishman Thomas Mudge, is correct.

It took the great A.L. Breguet, who counted among his clients the court of Louis XVI, to evolve the species decisively. Repeaters before Breguet were ungainly because the dome-shaped bells occupied a lot of space. He streamlined the watch by using gongs made of tempered-steel wire, which could be wound more than once around the inner circumference of the case. The result: a flatter, more elegant watch with good sound quality. Wearing one really is "like having the mind of a genius in your pocket," as Sir David Lionel Salomons, history's most ardent Breguet collector, once said. (Although today the Breguet Classique Grand Complication Minute Repeater Perpetual Calendar would be on your wrist.) The final step in the repeater's maturity, the creation of a wristwatch repeater movement, was accomplished by Audemars Piguet in 1892.

The repeater and sonnerie are still a challenge to make. It requires incredible precision to craft a mechanism that can translate time into music within an accuracy of one minute. Giulio Papi, the complications master at the helm of Audemars Piguet Renaud et Papi and one of the world's top repeater experts, explains, "The repeater is an audible indication, and as such, the user expects the time being struck to correspond closely to that shown by the hands. While that seems obvious, it implies complex mechanical processes and the watchmaker must correct even the slightest eccentricities…to guarantee the closest possible match between the chimes and the hands." Still, even the best repeater may have up to a five-second discrepancy.

Then there's the fact that the repeater and sonnerie are musical instruments. It takes a Stradivarian watchmaker to craft both, as controlling the chiming tempo, a key element to a connoisseur, has to be done by ear as well as by hand. That reaches the apex of complexity in a sonnerie such as Gérald Genta's Octo Grande Sonnerie Tourbillon, which has four gongs (most repeaters have two) and rings the Westminster Quarters melody at each quarter and on the hour. As a master watchmaker at Patek Philippe has remarked, "the final hand setting of the regulator governor [which controls the speed of the chime] is instrumental in the resulting sound…allowing the unique, pure sound of the gong to remain the focus point when the mechanism is activated." The company takes chime quality and tempo so seriously that for decades the chairman, Philippe Stern, has personally approved every minute repeater and sonnerie before allowing it out the door.

Repeater manufacture has long been more art than science, with a dash of alchemy, too, like the persistent legend that the gongs must be tempered in horse urine in order to obtain the best-quality sound. (Watchmakers have told me this was actually done in the past.) But lately, high-tech innovation and outside-the-box thinking have conspired to produce a new breed of repeaters.
Iconoclast watchmaker F. P. Journe tossed out centuries of conventional wisdom to create his extra-flat Journe Repetition Souverain, a minute repeater with a movement barely four millimeters thick. (That's thinner than most modern simple automatic watch movements.) He achieved this in part by eschewing traditional wire gongs, which are round in cross section, for triangular ones, which are flat in cross section, thus taking up less room inside the case. He also crafted the case out of stainless steel, a material far superior to gold and platinum in resonance and sound transmission.

But it's still handwork that makes the Souverain a sonic beauty. "All the adjustments," says Journe, "have to be mastered one by one. Strength of the springs, hammers--there are many parts, and therefore many effects that have to be manually adjusted." That also means that production is necessarily low: Journe expects to create fewer than 20 Repetition Souverains per year, and only five Sonnerie Souverains. (Production of repeaters at other makers is equally low.)

A gong doesn't just ring a pure tone; it generates numerous overtones as well, and a badly made one will emit sounds that are not in tune with the dominant one. (In other words, the gong will sound out of tune with itself.) Gérald Genta claims its new Arena Metasonic Grande Sonnerie, made of a secret alloy whose lightness and rigidity supposedly outclass even steel, has the problem licked. Each watch is subjected to frequency spectrum analysis worthy of a physics lab--in fact, one at a French university developed the software with Genta--and the first time I heard it chime, its eerie clarity had the hypnotic quality Bram Stoker ascribed to the tingling, water-glass-like voices of Dracula's brides. Jaeger-LeCoultre's Master Minute Repeater goes at the sound problem by affixing the gongs directly to the sapphire dial crystal, which resonates more efficiently than a case.

Nonetheless, it's touch more than tech that makes a great repeater the subject of near-animist reverence. "Manual adjustment is what elevates the production of minute repeaters to an art form. It's what makes each timepiece unique," says the Patek Philippe master watchmaker. Even the ultra-high-tech Grand Complications Caliber 89 has to pass muster with an expert's golden ear before it's released. Machines made modern watches dependable, but it's the hand and ear that make the repeater inimitable.

Gérald Genta Octo Grande Sonnerie Tourbillion

It rings the time in passing and on demand by playing the Westminster Quarters, the same melody rung out by London's Big Ben. $810,200.
www.geraldgenta.com

Audemars Piguet Jules Audemars Minute Repeater with Jumping Hours

A stunning Art Deco–style jumping hour repeater from the company that in 1892 put the repeater on the customer's wrist for the first time. $231,100
www.audemarspiguet.com

Patek Philippe Ref. 5074R

A perpetual calendar that adjusts for length of the month and for leap year, combined with a minute repeater. Patek Philippe chairman Philippe Stern still insists on hearing and approv-ing each Patek repeater personally. $518,500 (subject to change)
www.patek.com

Jaeger-LeCoultre Master Minute Repeater

One of the new breed of repeaters that mix high mech and high tech: The gongs are attached directly to the sapphire crystal for unparalleled bell-like clarity and volume. $142,000.
www.jaeger-lecoultre.com

IWC Portuguese Minute Repeater

For the connoisseur who likes big secrets: The sapphire caseback shows off the pocket-watch movement that gives this 43-millimeter watch its heft, but only the slide in the case band--and the ringing of its gongs--reveal its musical heart. $86,000.
www.iwc.com

F.P. Journe Repetition Souverain

Both a hard-core traditionalist and a game-changing iconoclast, François-Paul Journe has done it again, creating the world's thinnest minute repeater. $165,400.
www.fpjourne.com

Vacheron Constantin Patrimony Traditionnelle Calibre 2755

In full court dress, this masterpiece combines a tourbillon, minute repeater, and perpetual calendar, and with its open dial, wears its heart on its sleeve. $585,000.
www.vacheronconstantin.com

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CITIZEN ECO DRIVE CALIBRE 9000 MINUTE REPEATER MANS WATCH
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Jacques Lemans Limited Edition 125 1000 Minute Repeater Watch
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NEW Citizen Campanola Minute Repeater Mens Alarm Regulateur Watch AH7000 04A
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PATEK PHILIPPE 3974 R MINUTE REPEATER PERPETUAL AUTOMATIC
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Citizen Eco Drive Minute Repeater
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As investors continue to ponder whether the recovery in markets is sustainable, some may find that this is the time to put their money in an asset class that lasts.

The downturn has hit the luxury watch market hard. Luxury watch exports from Switzerland, where many of the premium brands are manufactured, have seen a decline of 25 percent over the past 9 months and the slump in demand was especially severe for watches made of precious metals.

However, the picture for "retail" luxury watches seems to bear little resemblance with the "collectible" luxury watch markets for brands such as Patek Philippe, Jaeger Le Coultre or Vacheron Constantin.

Sales of luxury collectible watches have been more resilient in the crisis and have shown buoyant demand as old and new investors fled into the prestigious asset class. Auctions held in May by auctioneers like Antiquorum, Sotheby's and Christie's clocked up a total of 90 million francs.

At a recent collectors' wristwatches auction held by auctioneer Antiquorum in Geneva, the sale of a platinum Patek Philippe set a new world record for its kind and sold for 114 000 Swiss francs ($114,000), while other auctions have seen prices for rare time pieces even reach the million dollar mark in the last several years.
Timing your purchase of a collectible watch may be more important than ever. Jon Cox from Kepler Capital Markets says collectible watches may also offer inflation protection as investors may be worried of higher price levels in the future. He adds that in some countries, a Rolex is even considered a currency.

Investors wishing to avoid the volatility of traditional asset classes, such as stocks or commodities, may find watches are a timeless investment. But as with many things in life, this investment is one for the long-term and requires investors’ patience: the value of collectible watches increases with time.

While age for most other asset classes is associated with depreciation and loss of value, a collectible watch investment ticks differently. The older a timepiece is, the more value it usually holds.

A word of caution for those who hope to make a quick profit: the market for collectible watches is very illiquid as these valuable timepieces are either passed on from one generation to the next or can only be bought and resold at auctions.

The return, and hence the retail price of a watch depends on many factors, beyond just the design and the quality.

Many experts cite the emotional value as being one of the most essential characteristics of a watches’ price: how much a luxury watch will fetch often purely depends on how much a buyer is willing to pay.

Tips for investing in collectible watches:
• Reputation is key: Buy a brand with a long history and excellent reputation
• Age does matter: Timepieces’ value increase with its age. Signs of wear and tear show a watch is authentic and has history, while a polishing only reduces a watches’ value
• Rarity drives valuation higher: The fewer time pieces of one series exist, the more it will be able to fetch in an auction
• Quality is King: As with other assets, the quality of the collectible watch, including its movement, are essential to its value

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On hand to proudly accept the Vogue Jewels Awards 2009 on behalf of Vacheron Constantin was Jean-Louis Queimado, Brand Manager of Vacheron Constantin Iberia, and acclaimed young Spanish conductor Inma Shara, herself one of Vacheron Constantin's most illustrious global ambassadors.

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VACHERON CONSTANTIN PLATINUM DIAMOND ANTIQUE LADIES WATCH VINTAGE 1920s RARE
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Vacheron Constantin Diamond 18k White Gold Ladies Watch
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Vacheron Constantin Ladies Diamond Tank 18k White Gold
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VINTAGE VACHERON CONSTANTIN GOLD DIAMOND LADIES WATCH
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Ladies VACHERON CONSTANTIN 18k Gold Diamond Watch
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Art Deco c1920s VACHERON CONSTANTIN DIAMOND PLATINUM LADIES WATCH Chic
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